Simple Knowledge of Composite Electroless Nickel Plating

Electroless nickel plating is an auto-catalytic reaction used to deposit a coating of nickel on a substrate. Unlike electroplating, it is not necessary to pass an electric current through the solution to form a deposit. This plating technique is to prevent corrosion and wear. EN techniques can also be used to manufacture composite coatings by suspending powder in the bath.

Electroless nickel plating has several advantages versus electroplating. Free from flux-density and power supply issues, it provides an even deposit regardless of workpiece geometry, and with the proper pre-plate catalyst, can deposit on non-conductive surfaces.

Composite electroless nickels are defined as those that incorporate distinct particles into the deposit to impart a specific property. Figure 1 is a photomicrograph of a typical EN/Diamond composite coating that displays the incorporated
diamond particles. Figure 2 is a photomicrograph of an EN/PTFE deposit. As you can see, the functional particles are evenly and thoroughly distributed in the EN matrix, which is firmly bonded to the substrate. This unique combination of dis-
tribution and bond strength makes composite EN coatings extremely long lasting and durable compared with many other wear and lubrication alternatives.

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Pretreatment of High Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Nickel Plating

High Phosphorus electroless nickel offers high corrosion resistance, making it ideal for industry standards requiring protection from highly corrosive acidic environments such as oil drilling and coal mining. With microhardness ranging up to 600 VPN, this type ensures very little surface porosity where pit-free plating is required and is not prone to staining. Deposits are non-magnetic when phosporous content is greater than 11.2%.

Before performing electroless nickel plating, the material to be plated must be cleaned by a series of chemicals, this is known as the pre-treatment process. Failure to remove unwanted “soils” from the part’s surface result in poor plating. Each pre-treatment chemical must be followed by water rinsing (normally two to three times) to remove chemicals that may adhere to the surface. De-greasing removes oils from surfaces, whereas acid cleaning removes scaling.

Activation is done with a weak acid etch, or nickel strike or, in the case of non-metallic substrate, a proprietary solution. After the plating process, plated materials must be finished with an anti-oxidation or anti-tarnish chemical such as trisodium phosphate or chromate, followed by water rinsing to prevent staining. The rinse object must then be completely dried or baked to obtain the full hardness of the plating film.

The pre-treatment required for the deposition of nickel and cobalt on a non-conductive surface usually consists of an initial surface preparation to render the substrate hydrophillic. Following this initial step, the surface is activated by a solution of a noble metal, e.g., palladium chloride. Silver nitrate is also used for activating ABS and other plastics. Electroless bath formation varies with the activator. The substrate is now ready for nickel deposition.

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A Little Information of Chemical Nickel Concentrate

Item Name: Chemicalnickel concentrate

Details: DA series of concentrated liquid and the large-scale industrial production process has been tested for 20 years and continue to improve, can be recycled more than 7 cycles, stable and reliable, on-line to add, can also be used for rolling rack plating, heavy metals such as lead free , In line with ROSH directives. Coating dense, smooth non-porous surface can 4μm; coating with high corrosion resistance, 25-micron thick fuming nitric acid test up to 2 hours does not change color.

Nickel is one of the four elements that are ferromagnetic around room temperature. Alnico permanent magnets based partly on nickel are of intermediate strength between iron-based permanent magnets and rare-earth magnets. The metal is chiefly valuable in the modern world for the alloys it forms; about 60% of world production is used in nickel-steels (particularly stainless steel). Other common alloys, as well as some new superalloys, make up most of the remainder of world nickel use, with chemical uses for nickel compounds consuming less than 3% of production. As a compound, nickel has a number of niche chemical manufacturing uses, such as a catalyst for hydrogenation. Enzymes of some microorganisms and plants contain nickel as an active center, which makes the metal an essential nutrient for them.

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Some Knowledge About Stainless Steel Plating

When stainless steel parts such as nuts and bolts are forced together, the oxide layer can be scraped off, causing the parts to weld together. When disassembled, the welded material may be torn and pitted, an effect known as galling. This destructive galling can be best avoided by the use of dissimilar materials for the parts forced together, for example bronze and stainless steel, or even different types of stainless steels (martensitic against austenitic), when metal-to-metal wear is a concern. Nitronic alloys reduce the tendency to gall through selective alloying with manganese and nitrogen. Additionally, threaded joints may be lubricated to prevent galling.

Similarly to steel, stainless steel is not a very good conductor of electricity, with about a few percent of the electrical conductivity of copper. Ferritic and martensitic stainless steels are magnetic. Austenitic stainless steels are non-magnetic.

Electroless plating, also known as chemical or auto-catalytic plating, is a non-galvanic plating method that involves several simultaneous reactions in an aqueous solution, which occur without the use of external electrical power. The reaction is accomplished when hydrogen is released by a reducing agent, normally sodium hypophosphite (Note: the hydrogen leaves as a hydride ion), and oxidized, thus producing a negative charge on the surface of the part. The most common electroless plating method is electroless nickel plating, although silver, gold and copper layers can also be applied in this manner, as in the technique of Angel gilding.

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Knowledge of Stainless Steel Electropolishing

Stainless steel differs from carbon steel by the amount of chromium present. Unprotected carbon steel rusts readily when exposed to air and moisture. This iron oxide film (the rust) is active and accelerates corrosion by forming more iron oxide, and due to the dissimilar size of the iron and iron oxide molecules (iron oxide is larger) these tend to flake and fall away. Stainless steels contain sufficient chromium to form a passive film of chromium oxide, which prevents further surface corrosion and blocks corrosion from spreading into the metal’s internal structure, and due to the similar size of the steel and oxide molecules they bond very strongly and remain attached to the surface.

Electropolishing, also known as electrochemical polishing or electrolytic polishing (especially in the metallography field), is an electrochemical process that removes material from a metallic workpiece. It is used to polish, passivate, and deburr metal parts. It is often described as the reverse of electroplating. It may be used in lieu of abrasive fine polishing in microstructural preparation.

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A Little Information of Nickel Anti-color Treatment Agent FB-2

Item Name: Nickel Anti-color treatment agent FB-2
Used in electroplating and electroless nickel plating post-treatment
Usage: FB-2 :3-5% the rest is water
Temperature: 20-50 ° C
Part contact time: 5 minutes
Washing and Drying of Nickel Anti-color treatment agent FB-2:
More batches of parts can be cleaned until the batch of parts increases than the listed waste water stains, no poison, do not affect the environment.

Nickel is one of the four elements that are ferromagnetic around room temperature. Alnico permanent magnets based partly on nickel are of intermediate strength between iron-based permanent magnets and rare-earth magnets. The metal is chiefly valuable in the modern world for the alloys it forms; about 60% of world production is used in nickel-steels (particularly stainless steel). Other common alloys, as well as some new superalloys, make up most of the remainder of world nickel use, with chemical uses for nickel compounds consuming less than 3% of production. As a compound, nickel has a number of niche chemical manufacturing uses, such as a catalyst for hydrogenation. Enzymes of some microorganisms and plants contain nickel as an active center, which makes the metal an essential nutrient for them.

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Simple Description of Copper Anti-color Treatment Agent FB-1

Copper  is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color. It is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, a building material, and a constituent of various metal alloys.

Item name: Copper Anti-color treatment agent FB-1
Usage: FB-1 the amount of 1-5%, the rest is water
Temperature: 20-50 ° C
Part : 3-5 minutes contact time
Washing and Drying of Copper Anti-color treatment agent FB-1:
Make the parts in the 24 months does not change color after cleaning cooling device adapted to the processing and electronic devices, plating and printed circuit boards between the anti-color process. A good addition to the anti-color capability, copper Anti-color treatment agent FB-1 can reduce fingerprint marks and water stains left behind after washing dried.

Copper Anti-color treatment agent FB-1 is used for copper and copper treatment after washing the anti-color.

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Study of Comprehensive Treatment of Electroless Nickel Plating Wastewater

As the nickel plating of nickel sulfate concentration of nickel plating solution is usually only one-tenth, if the recycling of rinsing water re-use, virtually no impact on the environment. However, the chemical nickel plating bath is always important to the aging problem is, when the repetitive use of more than 5 cycles, due to the bath of phosphate and sulfate Central Asia, the accumulation will be significant impact on the quality of coating. Then the general aging of the bath containing 3-5g/ l of nickel, if directly mixed with rinse water, will undoubtedly impact on the environment; increase the rinse water treatment difficult.

A result showed that the purpose of electrolysis should be the recovery of nickel considering the whole treating process of electroless nickel plating wastewater. And the optimal parameters were pH of 9, current density of 8.0 mA·cm-2, temperature of80℃, circulation, electrolysis time of 2h while the recovery efficiency of nickel was 98.7% and the removal efficiency of COD was 61.91%. The H2PO2- in the wastewater was completely oxidized. Then precipitation was applied for the purpose of the removal of phosphorus. CaO and Fe2(SO4)3 were chosen as the precipitant. Each effect of precipitant’s parameters on the removal efficiency of HPO32-, PO43- and total phosphorus were studied. The result of Fe2(SO4)3 was better than CaO, the optimal parameters were pH of 5, Fe/P molar ratio of 1, aging temperature of20℃, aging time of 6.5h. The removal efficiency of HPO32-, PO43- and total phosphorus were 98.6%, 99.99% and 99.48% with a certain degradation of COD. EF was applied to degrade the COD of wastewater. It showed that EF could remove the COD of wastewater effectively. The optimal parameters were continuous dosing, pH of 3, current density of 13.16 mA·cm-2, H2O2 dosage of the oretical value, Fe2+/H2O2 molar ratio of 1/10. The removal efficiency of COD is 97.89%. HPO32- was oxidized to PO43-,then PO43- precipitated with Fe3+.After the whole treating process, total nickel and total phosphorus of electroless nickel plating wastewater achieved the national discharge standard. The residual COD was 305.52mg·L-1 and pH was 3. The quality of the wastewater was greatly improved.

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Simple Introduction of Non-Cyanide Alkaline Copper Plating Process

The requirements for the development of environmentally safe non-cyanide alkaline copper plating process, can be directly used in the steel parts of the rack and barrel plating base, a good covering power, coating evenly dense, bright, 2 rinse water can be recycled Follow-up rinse water does not contain cyanide, can be mixed with other treated rinse water reuse. Meet zero emission requirements.

Copper plating is the process in which a layer of copper is deposited on the item to be plated by using an electric current.

Three basic types of processes are commercially available based upon the complexing system utilized:

• alkaline-(several modifications of cyanide and non-cyanide) complexed bath
• acid-(sulfate and fluoborate) complexed bath
• mildly alkaline-(pyro phosphate) complexed bath
• With a higher current, hydrogen bubbles will form on the item to be plated, leaving surface imperfections. Often various other chemicals are added to improve plating uniformity and brightness. Without some form of additive, it is almost impossible to obtain a smooth plated surface. These additives can be anything from dish soap to proprietary compounds.

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Basic Description of Precision Electronic Hardware Parts

Electronic hardware refers to interconnected electronic components which perform analog or logic operations on received and locally stored information to produce as output or store resulting new information or to provide control for output actuator mechanisms.

Hardware logic is primarily a differentiation of the data processing circuitry from other more generalized circuitry. For example nearly all computers include a power supply which consists of circuitry not involved in data processing but rather powering the data processing circuits. Similarly, a computer may output information to a computer monitor or audio amplifier which is also not involved in the computational processes.

Item Name: PrecisionElectronic Hardware Parts
Description:
Barrel 3-5μm electroless nickel plating, no holes, must withstand high temperature and humidity cycling test for 96 hours no rust, in line with ROSH directive

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